A compass is a valuable tool for navigation, helping you determine direction and find your way in the wilderness or when exploring unfamiliar areas. Here’s a beginner’s guide to understanding and using a compass:
Parts of a Compass:
- Baseplate: The flat, transparent plate that holds the compass components.
- Housing or Capsule: The circular housing containing the compass needle.
- Compass Needle: The magnetic needle that points north. The red end typically indicates the north (N) direction.
- Index Line or Arrow: A mark on the baseplate or capsule that aligns with the compass needle.
- Orienting Arrow: An arrow within the housing that helps you align the compass with your desired direction.
- Rotating Bezel: A rotating ring with degree markings used to measure angles and bearings.
- Sighting Mirror (on some models): A mirror on the lid for more precise compass readings and navigation.
Using a Compass:
1. Set the Declination:
- Before using your compass, find the magnetic declination for your location. This adjustment accounts for the difference between true north (geographic north) and magnetic north (where the compass needle points). You can usually find this information on topographic maps or online sources.
2. Holding the Compass:
- Hold the compass flat and steady, with the baseplate parallel to the ground.
3. Orient the Compass:
- Turn the compass housing until the orienting arrow is aligned with the north end of the compass needle (red end). Your compass is now oriented to north.
4. Taking a Bearing:
- To determine the direction to a landmark or destination, look through the sighting mirror (if your compass has one) or simply sight along the direction of travel arrow on the baseplate.
- Align the compass edge along the line connecting your location and the target, ensuring that the north end of the compass needle points to north.
5. Read the Bearing:
- Read the degree marking at the index line or arrow. This reading represents the angle between your current direction and the direction to your target.
6. Following a Bearing:
- To follow a specific bearing, turn your body until the north end of the compass needle aligns with the orienting arrow, keeping the compass level. This ensures you’re traveling in the desired direction.
7. Return to Known Point:
- If you need to return to a known point (backtrack), turn the compass so the red end of the needle aligns with the orienting arrow. Then, follow the direction of travel arrow to your starting point.
8. Adjust for Declination:
- If your compass does not have an adjustable bezel for declination, you’ll need to do manual calculations. When navigating, convert the magnetic bearing to a true bearing (or vice versa) by adding or subtracting the declination angle, depending on your location.
Remember to practice using your compass in a safe and familiar environment before relying on it for critical navigation. Also, carry a topographic map to complement your compass for more accurate navigation. Understanding and using a compass can be a valuable skill for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and wilderness exploration.
