The Fascinating History of Kew Royal Botanic Gardens

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, commonly known as Kew Gardens, is a world-famous botanical garden located in Richmond upon Thames, London, England. Its rich history spans centuries, and it has evolved into a leading center for plant science, conservation, and horticultural research. Here’s a glimpse into the fascinating history of Kew Royal Botanic Gardens:

1. Origins (18th Century):

• Kew Gardens originated in the exotic garden at Kew House, which was created by Lord Capel of Tewkesbury in the early 18th century. Princess Augusta, widow of Frederick, Prince of Wales, leased the house in 1751 and initiated the transformation of the gardens.

2. Princess Augusta’s Garden (1759):

• In 1759, Princess Augusta extended the garden, incorporating various plants and structures. The gardens became a place for fashionable society to visit and were known for their botanical diversity.

3. Integration with Kew Palace:

• Kew Palace, located within the grounds, became a royal residence in 1802. The gardens and palace formed a harmonious ensemble, contributing to Kew’s cultural and historical significance.

4. Sir Joseph Banks (Late 18th Century):

• The renowned botanist Sir Joseph Banks became the unofficial director of Kew Gardens in the late 18th century. His influence significantly expanded the plant collections and scientific endeavors at Kew.

5. Expansion and Glasshouses (19th Century):

• During the 19th century, Kew Gardens underwent substantial expansion. The Palm House, Temperate House, and other iconic glasshouses were constructed, showcasing exotic plants from around the world.

6. Royal Botanic Gardens Designation (1840):

• In 1840, Kew Gardens officially received the title of Royal Botanic Gardens, signifying its importance as a scientific institution. The designation recognized Kew’s role in plant research and conservation.

7. Economic Botany Collection (19th Century):

• Kew Gardens played a crucial role in economic botany, studying the uses of plants for industry and medicine. The gardens served as a resource for plant-based products and knowledge.

8. Kew’s Contribution to Plant Exploration:

• Kew Gardens became a hub for the study of plants brought back from exploratory voyages. It played a pivotal role in the documentation and classification of newly discovered plant species.

9. 20th Century Developments:

• In the 20th century, Kew Gardens continued to evolve. The Princess of Wales Conservatory, Davies Alpine House, and the Marianne North Gallery were added, enhancing the scientific and public aspects of Kew.