Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a charming and popular biennial or short-lived perennial plant known for its tall spikes of tubular flowers. Growing foxgloves in your garden can add vertical interest and a touch of cottage garden charm. However, it’s important to note that all parts of the foxglove plant are toxic, so care should be taken if you have pets or small children. Here’s the ultimate guide to help you successfully grow foxgloves in your garden:
1. Varieties of Foxglove:
- Common Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea): The classic with tubular flowers in shades of pink, purple, or white.
- ‘Camelot’ Series: Compact and well-branched, available in various colors.
- ‘Foxy’ Series: Dwarf foxgloves with a mix of colors.
2. Planting Location:
- Sunlight: Foxgloves prefer partial shade but can tolerate full sun in cooler climates.
- Soil: Well-draining soil rich in organic matter is ideal. They prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH.
3. Planting Time:
- Sowing Seeds: Foxglove seeds can be sown directly in the garden in late summer or early fall for flowers the following year.
- Transplanting Seedlings: If starting from seeds indoors, transplant seedlings in early spring.
4. Planting Method:
- Seeds: Scatter seeds on the soil surface and press them in lightly. Keep the soil consistently moist until germination.
- Transplants: Space plants about 18-24 inches apart to allow for their mature size.
5. Watering:
- Regular Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods. Foxgloves prefer evenly moist soil.
- Avoid Waterlogged Soil: Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
6. Mulching:
- Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. This is particularly beneficial in warmer climates.
7. Support:
- Staking: Tall foxglove spikes may need staking to prevent them from toppling over in windy conditions or heavy rain.
8. Deadheading:
- Remove Spent Flowers: Deadhead the spent flowers to encourage continuous blooming and prevent self-seeding.
9. Fertilizing:
- Moderate Fertilization: Foxgloves generally don’t require heavy feeding. A balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring is usually sufficient.
10. Overwintering:
- Biennials: Foxgloves are often biennials, meaning they flower in their second year and then set seeds. After flowering, the plants usually die back. However, they often self-seed, creating a natural cycle of new plants.
11. Pest and Disease Management:
- Aphids: Keep an eye out for aphids, especially on new growth. Hose them off with water or use insecticidal soap.
- Powdery Mildew: Adequate spacing and good air circulation can help prevent powdery mildew.
12. Toxicity Awareness:
- Caution: All parts of the foxglove plant are toxic if ingested. Take precautions, especially if you have pets or children.
13. Companion Planting:
- Underplanting: Consider planting low-growing, non-invasive plants around the base of foxgloves to maximize the use of space.
By following these guidelines, you can cultivate a stunning display of foxgloves in your garden. Their majestic spikes of flowers and unique appearance make them a delightful addition to various garden styles. Always be mindful of their toxicity and take appropriate precautions, especially if you have pets or small children.
